Monday, 2 April 2012

This Month in History, This  Month In History For April 1, April 30--A slugger hank aaron breaks a baseball record, a "king Elvis Presley" rocks his blue suede shoes, a country singer Carrie Underwood belts her way to entertainer of the year, and a new pontiff Pope Benedict XVI  leads his flock – all in April. 
Jessica Lynch rescued : The rescue of Jessica Lynch

April 1

In 2003, American troops stormed a hospital in Nasiriyah, Iraq, to rescue Army Pvt. Lynch, who was a prisoner of war. 

Lynch has since given birth to a daughter and received a teaching degree. See photos of her now.

1945: American forces invaded a Pacific island during World War II.

1991: HBO and Viacom joined forces to form a cable TV network meant to tickle your funny bone.
Mobster John Gotti's convicted : Mobster John Gotti's conviction sticks

April 2

In 1992, Gotti nickname Teflon Don john gotti was convicted in New York of murder and racketeering. The mob boss died john gotti dies June 10, 2002, at Springfield after serving about 10 years behind bars.

A new biopic will revisit the life of the dapper gangster.

What else happened on this day?

1725: An author and adventurer, whose name symbolizes the art of seduction, was born.

1968: A popular science-fiction movie made its world debut in the nation's capital.
King says he's "been to the mountaintop" : MLK's 'mountaintop' speech

April 3

In 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his final speech to a rally of striking sanitation workers in Memphis, Tenn.

Martin luther king jr mountaintop speech text

1882: A notorious outlaw jesse james outlaw was fatally shot by Robert Ford, a member of his gang.

1996: A man now known as the "Unabomber" was arrested on charges stemming from mail bombings. His real name ted kaczynski

2009: A Supreme Court in the Midwest legalized gay marriage. Lowa Supreme Court gay marriage
Bluesman Muddy Waters is born : Blues great Muddy Waters is born

April 4

In 1915, singer Muddy Waters his real name McKinley Morganfield  was born in Rolling Fork, Miss. His swaggering, Delta-rooted blues defined the postwar Chicago music scene. Listen to his songs Muddy Waters.

1818: Congress stipulates the number of stars and stripes on the U.S. flag congress 1818 26 stripes 20 stars.

1968: A civil rights leader Marking Luther King, Jr., was assassinated. Find out who killed him. James earl ray
Pocahontas ties the knot : Pocahontas weds

April 5

In 1614, Pocahontas married English settler John Rolfe in Jamestown, Va. But according to faulty folklore, the daughter of a Powhatan chief was romantically linked to another man.

Her story has been the subject of many films, including a Disney classic.

1987: A new television network made its prime-time debut.

2006: A TV journalist announced her departure from NBC's "Today" show.
Michael Jordan enters Hall of Fame

April 6

In 2009, the Chicago Bulls' Michael Jordan, michael jordan chicago bulls, considered basketball's greatest player ever, was elected to the Hall of Fame. See video clips of his best-ever dunks.

The basketball legend is now the majority owner of a basketball team.

1830: A new religious denomination Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was organized by Joseph Smith in Fayette, N.Y.

1909: Two explorers Robert Peary Matthew Henson became the first men to reach the North Pole.
Elvis Presley charts a big hit : Elvis Presley's hit

April 7

In 1956, "Blue Suede Shoes" made its Billboard chart debut, one of five hit singles Elvis Presley released that year.

Check out his film roles and the famous women who swooned over the "King of Rock 'n' Roll."

1915: The jazz singer nicknamed "Lady Day" is born.

2001: A NASA spacecraft took off on a six-month, 286-million-mile journey to the red planet.
Hank Aaron crowned home run king

April 8

In 1974, slugger Hank Aaron of the Atlanta Braves hit his 715th career home run, breaking another Hall of Famer's record to become the new home run king.

Watch Aaron and others reminisce about his achievement.

1975: An iconic mob movie wins the best picture Oscar.

2002: The first African-American woman to win a Pulitzer Prize is announced. She won for her play "Topdog/Underdog." Who is she?
General Lee surrenders the South : Robert E. Lee surrenders the South

April 9

In 1865, the Confederate general surrendered his army in Virginia to end the Civil War. See photos of the celebrated general.

Although the war is long over, re-enactments continue to this day.

1939: An American singer performed at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington after being banned from singing in Constitution Hall.

1959: NASA presented its first seven astronauts.
'The Great Gatsby' is published

April 10

In 1925, the novel "The Great Gatsby," considered one of the greatest American novels of the 20th century, is published by a Minnesota-born novelist.
A new film adaption of the novel is expected to hit the silver screen, starring Leonardo DiCaprio.


1847: An influential 19th-century American newspaper editor and publisher, who later had a prominent award named after him, was born
Napoleon is sent into exile : Napoleon's exile

April 11

In 1814, Napoleon Bonaparte – the military leader and emperor of France – was forced to abdicate and was banished to an island.

His conquests of Europe and his great love, Josephine, are legendary.

1945: Troops liberated a notorious German concentration camp.

1991: A controversial musical about a doomed romance between a Vietnamese woman and an American soldier opened on Broadway.
First man flies into space

April 12

In 1961, a Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to fly in space, orbiting the Earth once before making a safe landing.

Watch videos about Gagarin's mission.

1945: The president franklin delano roosevelt who led America through the Great Depression and a world war dies.

1983: Chicago elects its first African-American mayor harold washington.
Tiger Woods makes Masters history

April 13

In 1997, Tiger Woods became the youngest person tiger woods years 21 youngest to win masters to win the Masters Tournament. Watch videos of his triumph.

Since then, the golf phenom married Elin Nordegren and became a father, but a sex scandal caused him to fall from grace and get divorced tiger woods divorce settlement $110 million.

1743: The third president of the United States was born in Shadwell in the Virginia Colony.

1964: The "Lilies of the Field" actor broke a color barrier among Hollywood leading men Sidney Poitier.
Abraham Lincoln is assassinated

April 14

In 1865, while attending a perfomance at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., Lincoln was shot and mortally wounded John Wilkes Booth.

The 16th president lincoln great emancipator reportedly suffered bouts of this illness during his life.

1910: A presidental pitch started a time-honored baseball tradition.

2006: A Los Angeles Laker broke the team's single-season scoring record.
The Titanic sinks

April 15

In 1912, the British passenger liner Titanic sank in the North Atlantic, less than three hours after striking an iceberg. See how many people died.

Learn about the sequence of events surrounding the saga, which inspired an Oscar-winning movie.

1947: The first African-American player to join a major league baseball team made history by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers. Who was the player?
A duke and duchess call it quits

April 16

In 1996, the Duke and Duchess of York, aka Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson, announced they were divorcing. Watch a video of the couple in happier times.

Ferguson later became a diet plan spokeswoman and sank into scandal.

1889: A British actor and director, who became famous for his role in American silent movies, was born.

1789: The president-elect left Mount Vernon, Va., for his inauguration in New York.
Barry Bonds joins the 500 club

April 17

In 2001, Barry Bonds hit his 500th career home run. Watch vidoes of his historic feat.
The San Francisco Giant later became embroiled in a drug scandal.

1961: Elizabeth Taylor took home the best actress Academy Award for her performance as the "other woman" in an emotional drama.

1961: CIA-trained Cuban exiles launched a disastrous mission to invade Cuba and topple its leader.

1964: The Ford Motor Co. unveils a signature muscle car
Carrie Underwood honored

April 18

In 2010, a country music organization named Carrie Underwood entertainer of the year -- the first time a woman held the honor twice.

The crooner first shot to fame after winning a popular singing competition. Watch videos of her performances.

1775: An American patriot began his ride to Lexington, Mass., warning colonists that the British were coming.

1999: The NHL's all-time leading scorer played his last professional game.
Eliot Ness born

April 19

In 1903, Ness, an agent during this period of American history, was born. He led a legendary law enforcement team that took down a notorious Chicago gangster.

An A-list actor played Ness in a crime thriller.

1897: This city's first marathon was run.

1956: A Hollywood actress marries her prince in a fairy-tale wedding in Monaco. Who was the iconic woman?
Danica Patrick speeds into history

April 20

In 2008, race car driver Danica Patrick left her competitors in the dust when she made history as the first female winner to capture an Indy race.

The racer now drives for NASCAR.

1972: A manned lunar module landed on the moon.
Sam Houston defeats Mexico

April 21

In 1836, Texas Gen. Sam Houston launched a battle against the Mexican army at San Jacinto. The extremely brief battle led to the establishment of an independent Republic of Texas.

1910: The author of "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" dies. Who was the author?

1986: A TV journalist opens a rediscovered vault linked to Chicago gangster Al Capone.
First Earth Day

April 22

In 1970, Americans paused for a day to observe the planet's natural resources and focus on environmental concerns.

1904: An American nuclear physicist, who headed the country's atomic bomb development project, was born.
'New' Coke

April 23

In 1985, soft-drink company Coca-Cola revealed that it was changing its secret formula and introducing a "new" beverage to compete with its rival. But the move proved disastrous, so the "classic" formula made a swift comeback.

1969: The man convicted in the assassination of Sen. Robert Kennedy is sentenced.

1971: The Rolling Stones released the first album on their new label. Listen to their songs.
Pope Benedict installed

April 24

In 2005, an inauguration Mass was held in the Vatican City to install Pope Benedict as the Roman Catholic Church's new spiritual leader.

The pope formerly held this title.

1898: A European country declared war on the United States, which responded likewise the next day.

1953: A British statesman was knighted.
The Hubble is deployed into space

April 25

In 1990, NASA's Hubble telescope was deployed from the space shuttle Discovery. Hailed as a scientific triumph, the telescope had a significant flaw, requiring additional missions to upgrade its instruments and operational systems. See images of space from the telescope.

1908: An influential American radio and TV broadcaster during the industry's early years was born.

1944: A fund was established to help African-American students attend college.
'Mother of blues' is born

April 26

In 1886, Ma Rainey, one of the earliest known professional blues singers, is born. Billed as the "mother of the blues," the vaudevillian was one of the first generation of such singers to record.

1986: A major nuclear accident occurred at a plant in the Ukraine.

1989: A red-haired actress, who became one of America's most beloved TV comedians, died at age 77.
Yankee Stadium honors the Babe

April 27

In 1947, Yankee Stadium held a special day to honor the ailing Babe Ruth, who had broken the sport's most important slugging records.

Read about his other milestones, and watch videos of the slugger.

1822: The 18th president of the United States was born in Point Pleasant, Ohio.

2006: Construction began on the Freedom Tower in New York City
Final 'Chorus Line'

April 28

In 1990, 'Chorus Line,' a musical composed by Marvin Hamlisch, closed on Broadway after thousands of performances. View clips and listen to a signature tune from the show.

1967: An already iconic heavyweight boxing champion refused to be inducted into the Army.

1789: Sailors drawn to the idyllic life on a Pacific island staged a mutiny against the captain of their British navy ship.
Joan of Arc defeats the English

April 29

In 1429, Joan of Arc entered the besieged city of Orleans to lead a French victory over the English.

Two years later, the teen virgin warrior who proclaimed herself a divine messenger, would be sentenced to die.

1992: A deadly riot erupts after four Los Angeles police officers were acquitted of nearly all the charges in the videotaped beating of Rodney King.

1899: This jazz composer and bandleader was born in Washington, D.C.

Ellen DeGeneres' 'comes out'


April 30

In 1997, ABC aired the "coming out" episode of a sitcom character played by DeGeneres, who also admitted in real life that she was gay.

Watch video clips of the episode and see whom the comedian later married.

1803: The United States purchased a massive area of territory from France.

1859: Charles Dickens published a now classic novel (which one?) about the unrest leading to the American and French revolutions.
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Sunday, 1 April 2012

Famous Hoaxes & Lies, Throughout the years many people have perpetrated hoaxes – often for publicity, and sometimes just for the hell of it. Of all the hoaxes through history, the ten in this list are the most famous. In at least two cases  millions of people have been fooled – or continue to be fooled! In no particular order, here they are Fooled you! Celebrity deaths, unexplained creatures, plagiarisms and fake kidnappings are just a few hoaxes and lies that have fooled the masses over the years. Check out these newsmakers and see how they managed to pull the wool over so many eyes.

Ray J. discovered Whitney Houston's body
February 2012
CNN reported that the body of the late singer and actress was discovered by her on-again off-again boyfriend Ray J. Norwood. It was later reported that Ray J. was nowhere near the hotel, the beverly hilton hotel in beverly hills when Houston's body was found. Aunt Mary Jones discovered Whitney Houston's body
Cher's death hoax
January 2012
A tweet by a famous reality television star gave momentum to the false rumor that iconic singer Cher had died and the fabricated re-tweet by a major news network announcing the singer's death. Kim Kardashian twitter
Joe Paterno premature death announcement
January 2012
The false reports of the death of the legendary Penn State college football coach Joe Paterno was announced by several media outlets more than 12 hours before his actual death, Joe Paterno cause of death lung cancer. Joe Paterno death reported by Onward State student news website
Jon Bon Jovi death hoax
December 2011
When tweets of rocker Jon Bon Jovi's death overtook the Internet just before Christmas, he posted this photo of himself as proof that he was alive and well.
Jackie Chan dead
August 2011
Twitter followers claimed yet another victim when rumors of this actor and martial artist’s death ran rampant. This wasn't the first Chan death rumor, Jackie Chan heart attack hoax in March 2011. RIP jackie chan on Twitter
Twitter Obama death hoax
July 2011
There was no need to fly the U.S. flag at half-staff because reports about the death of President Barack Obama, fox news obama shot twice twitter hoax, were quickly attributed to hackers of this network’s Twitter feed.
Gay girl in Damascus
June 2011
A blog about the struggles of Amina Arraf, a lesbian Syrian-American living in Damascus, gained national attention in 2011 when she was thought to have been kidnapped by armed men, but it turned out to be tantalizing Internet fiction. Tom macmaster, 40 year old American from Georgia, Tom macmaster defends hoax
Extreme Makeover: Home Edition - Cerda family
May 2011
Doctors determined that this family of four conned ABC into building them a new home by claiming that their two daughters suffered from this disease, combined immunodeficiency disease, caused by toxins in their home. Cerda family sells home, Doctors testify against Terri Certa in medical child abuse custody case
Botox mom hoax
May 2011
A woman claiming to be named Kerry Campbell, botox mom sheena upton, duped everyone into thinking she injected her 8-year-old daughter with Botox. Botox mom sheena upton lied for money
Bethany Storro acid attack hoax
September 2010
The Vancouver, Wash., woman gained international sympathy when she claimed a stranger threw acid on her face outside a coffee shop, causing horrific burns. Bethany Storro pleads not guilty to self-inflicted acid attack, Bethany Storro Acid Attack hoaxer getting mental help
Balloon boy hoax
October 2009
A family featured on this, Wife Swap TV show reality show gained sympathy from around the world when they claimed their 6-year-old son had floated away in a giant helium-filled balloon. Balloon boy hiding at home, Balloon Boy Hoax to make family more marketable
Gov. Mark Sanford disappearance
June 2009
This former governor South Carolina, United States initially attributed his abrupt six-day departure in 2009 to a hiking trip on the Appalachian Trail. After a reporter intercepted him at an airport, he made a startling confession. Gov. mark sanford confesses he disappeared to be with his mistress, mark sanford's wife files for divorce, Mark Sanford Is Still in Love
April's mom blog
June 2009
This Beccah Beushausen blog Chicago woman captivated anti-abortion proponents with false tales about choosing to carry her terminally ill child to term. The baby reborn doll. Dollmaker recognizes doll in beccah beushausen picture
Shane Fitzgerald Wikipedia hoax
May 2009
This 22-year-old college student’s fake quote on Wikipedia about the 2009, Maurice Jarre death of this Oscar-winning composer was used in major newspaper obituaries around the world. Shane Fitzgerald wikipedia hoax an experiment
Ashley Todd mugging hoax
October 2008
A volunteer for this 2008 presidential candidate John McCain, Todd falsely claimed to have been the victim of a politically motivated mugging and assault by a supporter of this Democratic opponent barack obama. Ashley Todd charged
Kidnapping of Shannon Matthews
February 2008
The staged disappearance of this 9-year-old turned out to be a family affair, leading to the convictions of her mother and several family members. Shannon Matthews found under bed in house of stepfather's uncle
Bigfoot's body
August 2008
Halloween came early in 2008 when a Georgia police officer and a former corrections officer claimed to have discovered the corpse of Bigfoot while hiking in the woods. DNA evidence proved them wrong. Big Foot's Body is rubber suit, Georgia Cop Who Perpetrated Hoax is Fired
The Montauk monster
July 2008
Do you believe in monsters? Some were left gawking when the carcass of this unidentified creature washed ashore on a New York beach in the summer of 2008. Montauk Monster remains unidentified possible raccoon or dog
JonBenet Ramsey murder confession
August 2006
Many were skeptical when former school teacher John Mark, John Mark Karr, now Alexis Reich Carr confessed to the murder of 6-year-old JonBenet Ramsey. However, his DNA was not a match to evidence found on JonBenet’s body. John mark karr confessed to JonBenet Ramsey murder for attention
Lonelygirl 15
September 2006
A YouTube video blog by 15-year-old Bree Avery, jessica lee rose was outed as fictional. Lonelygirl15 hoax produced by screenwriter, filmmaker, attorney
James Frey's "A Million Little Pieces"
February 2006
Many were shocked to learn that Frey’s memoir, a million little pieces on oprah winfrey book club  about his battle with alcohol and drug addiction was a work of fiction. A million little lies by the smoking gun, Full Fathom Five and james frey
Runaway bride Jennifer Wilbanks
April 2005
After Wilbanks disappeared four days before her wedding, she called her fiancé and claimed to have been abducted and sexually assaulted, sparking media frenzy and a nationwide search. Why runaway bride jennifer wilbanks ran +got cold feet, Runaway Bride punishment, Runaway Bride sues ex-fiance for $500,000
Jude Finisterra Dow Chemical hoax on BBC
December 2004
The Yes Men made a mockery of the 20th anniversary of the Bhopal disaster, when Andy Bichlbaum appeared on BBC World News in a fake news hijinks. Yes Men impersonate Dow Chemical executive
Daily Mirror torture photos
May 2004
Photos published in the Daily Mirror of Iraqi prisoners being tortured by British soldiers were proven to be staged, resulting in a newsroom shake-up. Piers morgan fired as editor of the Daily Mirror, piers morgan tonight
Audrey Seiler kidnapping
March 2004
When this college student vanished in 2004 and was found four days later in a marsh, police quickly concluded that she had faked her kidnapping. Audrey seiler upset by fading relationship, Audrey Seiler Kidnapping Hoax charged with lying to police
Jayson Blair
May 2003
This New York Times reporter resigned in 2003 when it was proven that he had plagiarized and fabricated multiple articles. The jayson blair project, jayson blair working as life coach
Kaycee Nicole Swenson
May 2001
Thousands mourned the death of this 19-year-old from Kansas after following her online diary detailing her battle with cancer. But she never existed. Kaycee nicole swenson death by brain aneurysm, Kaycee Swenson family refused condolences, munchausen by internet
The Blair Witch Project
1999
Believed by some to be the most elaborate movie hoax in history, this 1999 “documentary” unveiling the recovered footage of three missing filmmakers left audiences debating its authenticity. The making of the blair witch project + pieced together from amateur footage
"Hack Heaven" by Stephen Glass
1998
From 1995 to 1998, this former journalist at The New Republic fabricated multiple articles, stephen glass fabricated 27 of 41 stories, but it was this story about a 15-year-old hacker that initiated his downfall. The new republic magazine, Forbes Digital Tool and Stephen Glass
Alien autopsy
1995
Music and video producer Ray Santilli claimed to have acquired a film of the autopsy of an extraterrestrial that had been discovered in the wreckage of a flying saucer that crashed in 1947 near Roswell, N.M. Alien autopsy created by sculpture john humphreys
Microsoft buys the Catholic Church
1994
Thought to be the first Internet hoax to reach the masses, a 1994 press release press release: microsoft to acquire catholic church bearing a Vatican City dateline announced that Microsoft was purchasing the Roman Catholic Church to capitalize on the potential growth in the religious market. Roman catholic church, Unknown author behind the Microsoft buys the Catholic Church hoax?
Susan Smith
1994
The South Carolina woman was convicted of murdering her children after initially reporting to police that a black man had stolen her car with her children still inside. Susan Smith Confession
The Internet Drunk Surfing Bill
April 1994
A magazine article announcing a bill prohibiting web surfing while intoxicated generated so many outraged phone calls to Congress that this senator's, Senator Edward Kennedy, office released a denial of the rumor that he was the bill's sponsor.
The Hitler Diaries
April 1983
Handwritten volumes of secret diaries written by Adolf Hitler were proven to be forgeries, causing a major shake-up at these media publications.
Janet Cooke and "Jimmy’s World"
1981
After Cooke accepted this prestigious award in 1981, the editors at the Washington Post began to doubt her 1980 article detailing the life of Jimmy, an 8-year-old heroin addict, when she was unable to provide proof of his existence.  Janet cooke blames high-pressure for fabrication
Rosie Ruiz wins Boston Marathon
1980
Ruiz was stripped of her first-place title when the Boston Athletic Association determined that she did not complete the entire course. 'How rosie ruiz got caught' + didn't seem fatigued after race, Rosie ruiz race time 2:31:56 in boston marathon
"Paul is Dead"
1969
American college students started a rumor that The Beatles' guitarist Paul McCartney had died in 1966 and was replaced by this look-alike. Paul is dead conspiracy and clues
Piltdown Man
1953
This fossilized skull and jaw of an early human unearthed in 1912 was later proven to be a composite of multiple species. Piltdown man orangutan and human, Time Magazine Piltdown Man
War of the Worlds hoax
1938
On Halloween Eve in 1938, this CBS radio drama about an alien invasion prompted mass hysteria in many American households. War of the Worlds + theatrical adaptation + listeners missed radio introduction
Fiji Mermaid
1842
Showman P.T. Barnum fooled and shocked audiences with this horrific manmade creature, Fiji Mermaid monkey and fish
Cardiff Giant
1869
Dubbed as the greatest hoax in American history, this 10-foot-tallstone giant, exhumed in 1869 in Cardiff, in upstate New York, sparked heated religious debates concerning this biblical passage.

The Book of Mormon
1830
The Book of Mormon is considered by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints to be a divinely inspired book of equal value to the Bible. Joseph Smith, founder of the Mormon religion, claimed that he was directed by an Angel to a hill near his home in which he found golden tablets containing the full text of the book. With the books he found two objects called the Urim and Thummim which he described as a pair of crystals joined in the form of a large pair of spectacles. Unfortunately, after Smith finished his translation, he had to return the tablets to the Angel, so there is no physical evidence that they ever existed.

The book refers to a group of Jews that moved to and settled in America where Jesus visited them. Some segments of the Book of Mormon contain sections copied directly from the King James version of the Bible – the Bible that was most popular at the time and used by Joseph Smith. One example is Mark 16:15-18 which is quoted nearly word-for-word in Mormon 9:22-24. In addition, the book mimics the literary and linguistic style of the King James Bible. Linguistic experts have stated that the entire book is written by one man, and is not written by a combination of authors (the prophets as claimed by Smith). Additionally, the book refers to animals and crops that did not exist in America until Columbus arrived: ass, bull, calf, cattle, cow, domestic goat, horse, ox, domestic sheep, sow, swine, elephants, wheat, and barley.

The most compelling proof that Joseph Smith was perpetuating a fraud is the Book of Abraham. In 1835 Smith was able to use his Urim and Thummim to translate some Egyptian scrolls that he was given access to (at that time no one could read hieroglyphics). Upon inspection, Smith declared that they contained the Book of Abraham. He promptly translated the lot and it was accepted as scripture by the church. The scrolls vanished and everyone thought the story would end there. But it didn’t – in 1966 the original scrolls were found in the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art. The scrolls turned out to be a standard Egyptian text that was often buried with the dead. To this day the Book of Abraham is a source of discomfort for the Mormon religion..

The Cottingley Fairies
1917

The Cottingley Fairies are a series of five photographs taken by Elsie Wright and Frances Griffiths, two young cousins living in Cottingley, near Bradford, England, depicting the two in various activities with supposed fairies. Elsie was the daughter of Arthur Wright, one of the earliest qualified electrical engineers. She borrowed her father’s quarter plate camera and took photos in the beck behind the family house. When Mr. Wright, upon developing the plates, saw fairies in the pictures, he considered them fake. After the taking of the second picture, he banned Elsie from using the camera again. Her mother, Polly, however was convinced of their authenticity.

In the summer of 1919, the matter became public and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (author of Sherlock Holmes) wrote an article for a leading magazine claiming that they were authentic. Not everyone was taken in by the fraud, as this statement from a leading Doctor at the time attests:
“On the evidence I have no hesitation in saying that these photographs could have been `faked’. I criticise the attitude of those who declared there is something supernatural in the circumstances attending to the taking of these pictures because, as a medical man, I believe that the inculcation of such absurd ideas into the minds of children will result in later life in manifestations and nervous disorder and mental disturbances…”

For fifty years the girls avoided publicity and the hoax continued to be believed by many. In late 1981 and mid 1982 respectively, Frances Way (née Griffiths) and Elsie Hill (née Wright), who took the photographs admitted that the first four pictures were fakes. Speaking of the first photograph in particular, Frances has said: “I don’t see how people could believe they’re real fairies. I could see the backs of them and the hatpins when the photo was being taken.” Both of the girls claimed, right up to their deaths, that the fifth photo was, in fact, authentic.

The Priory of Sion
1956


The Priory of Sion has been characterized as anything from the most influential secret society in Western history to a modern Rosicrucian-esque group, but, ultimately, has been shown to be a hoax created in 1956 by Pierre Plantard, a pretender to the French throne. The evidence presented in support of its historical existence is not considered authentic or persuasive by established historians, academics, and universities, and the evidence was later discovered to have been forged and then planted in various locations around France by Plantard and his associates.

Between 1961 and 1984 Plantard contrived a mythical pedigree of the Priory of Sion claiming that it was the offshoot of the monastic order housed in the Abbey of Sion, which had been founded in the Kingdom of Jerusalem during the First Crusade and later absorbed by the Jesuits in 1617. Plantard hoped that the Priory of Sion would become an influential cryptopolitical irregular masonic lodge dedicated to the restoration of chivalry and monarchy, which would promote Plantard’s own claim to the throne of France.

The priory recently gained interest again (despite easily obtainable proof that it is a fake) through the publication of the book The Davinci Code which the author, Dan Brown, claims to be fact (proving that he lied outright about his alleged years of research for the book).

The Turk
1717

The Turk was a fake chess-playing machine of the late 18th century, promoted as an automaton but later proved to be a hoax. The Turk made its debut in 1770 at Schönbrunn Palace. Its owner, Kempelen addressed the court, presenting what he had built, and began the demonstration of the machine and its parts. With every showing of the Turk, Kempelen began by opening the doors and drawers of the cabinet, allowing members of the audience to inspect the machine. Following this display, Kempelen would announce that the machine was ready for a challenger.

Kempelen would inform the player that the Turk would use the white pieces and have the first move. Between moves the Turk kept its left arm on the cushion. The Turk could nod twice if it threatened its opponent’s queen, and three times upon placing the king in check. If an opponent made an illegal move, the Turk would shake its head, move the piece back and make its own move, thus forcing a forfeit of its opponent’s move. Observers of the Turk would state that the machine played aggressively, and typically beat its opponents within thirty minutes.

The Turk was in fact a mechanical illusion that allowed a human chess master to hide inside and operate the machine. With a skilled operator, the Turk won most of the games played. The apparatus was demonstrated around Europe and the Americas for over 80 years until its destruction by fire in 1854, playing and defeating many challengers including statesmen such as Napoleon Bonaparte and Benjamin Franklin.

Loch Ness – the Surgeon’s Photo
1934

One of the most iconic images of Nessie is known as the ‘Surgeon’s Photograph’ which many consider to be good evidence of the monster, although doubts about the photograph’s authenticity were expressed from the beginning. The image was revealed as a hoax in the 1990s. The photographer, a gynecologist named Robert Kenneth Wilson, never claimed it to be a picture of the monster. He merely claimed to have photographed “something in the water”. The photo is often cropped to make the monster seem huge, while the original uncropped shot shows the other end of the loch and the monster in the center.

Just a year before the hoax was revealed, the makers of Discovery Communications’ documentary Loch Ness Discovered did an analysis of the uncropped image and found a white object evident in every version of the photo, implying that it was on the negative. “It seems to be the source of ripples in the water, almost as if the object was towed by something”, the narrator said. “But science cannot rule out it was just a blemish on the negative,” he continued. Additionally, analysis of the full photograph revealed the object to be quite small, only about two to three feet long.

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
1890

The Protocol of the Elders of Zion is a text that purports to describe a Jewish and Masonic plot to achieve world domination. It is one of the most well known and discussed examples of literary forgery. Numerous independent investigations have concluded it to be either a plagiarism or a hoax. The Protocols is widely considered to be the beginning of contemporary conspiracy theory literature, and takes the form of an instruction manual to a new member of the “elders,” describing how they will run the world through control of the media and finance, and replace the traditional social order with one based on mass manipulation.

Continued usage of the Protocols as an antisemitic propaganda tool substantially diminished with the defeat of the Nazis in World War II. It is still frequently quoted and reprinted by some anti-Semitic circles, and is sometimes used as evidence of an alleged Jewish cabal, especially in the Middle East. Elements of the text in the Protocols appears to be plagiarized from an 1864 pamphlet, Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu, written by the French satirist Maurice Joly. Joly’s work attacks the political ambitions of Napoleon III using Machiavelli as a diabolical plotter in Hell as a stand-in for Napoleon’s views.

Interestingly, many of the protocols aims have been achieved. For example: Universal suffrage, wide acceptance of pornography, the spread of Darwinism, Socialism, and Materialism.

The Cardiff Giant
1869

The Cardiff Giant, one of the most famous hoaxes in American history, was a 10-foot-tall (3m) “petrified man” uncovered on October 16, 1869 by workers digging a well behind the barn of William C. “Stub” Newell in Cardiff, New York. Both it and an unauthorized copy made by P.T. Barnum are still on display. The Giant was the creation of a New York tobacconist named George Hull. Hull, an atheist, decided to create the giant after an argument with a fundamentalist minister named Mr. Turk about a passage in Genesis that stated that there were giants who once lived on earth.

Hull hired men to carve out a 10-feet-long, 4.5 inches block of gypsum in Fort Dodge, Iowa, telling them it was intended for a monument of Abraham Lincoln in New York. He shipped the block to Chicago, where he hired a German stonecutter to carve it into the likeness of a man and swore him to secrecy. Various stains and acids were used to make the giant appear to be old and weather beaten, and the giant’s surface was beaten with steel knitting needles embedded in a board to simulate pores. When the giant had been buried for a year, Newell hired two men, Gideon Emmons and Henry Nichols, ostensibly to dig a well. When they found the Giant, one of them has been attributed to saying “I declare, some old Indian has been buried here!”.

The giant drew such crowds that showman P.T. Barnum offered $60,000 for a three-month lease of it (in his memoirs he said he wanted to buy it). When the syndicate turned him down he hired a man to covertly model the giant’s shape in wax and create a plaster replica. He put his giant on display in New York, claiming that his was the real giant and the Cardiff Giant was a fake. On February 2, 1870 both giants were revealed as fakes in court. The judge ruled that Barnum could not be sued for calling a fake giant a fake.
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